Not managing stress can cause us to feel overwhelmed and fatigued and contribute to chronic health problems. Stress affects physical, emotional and spiritual well-being. When going through stressful situations, carrying the burden on your shoulders could lead to a deterioration in your spiritual health. By trying to manage stress and fulfill your daily responsibilities, you could become spiritually exhausted.
Second, the frequency distribution is used to generate descriptive statistics. The Pearson correlation coefficient is also used to determine the relationship between predictor variables (spiritual well-being, depression, anxiety and stress). Third, the standard method variance (CMV) was a preventive and post-mortem detection technique. Finally, mediation procedures were applied in this investigation.
Baron & Kenny (198) designed another method, in addition to statistical tests, that focuses on determining the effect of mediation. Therefore, the Hayes-47 method investigated the indirect influence of spirituality as a mediator on anxiety, which caused stress and depression in the society of the Indonesian Muslim people during the pandemic. Figure 1 describes the framework concept of this study. The mediating effects of anxiety between spirituality (religious extension and well-being), depression and stress were tested using the confidence intervals of the Bootstrapping method with 5000 simulations.
Startup is a non-parametric statistical procedure in which the data set is repeatedly sampled. 47 Table 5 shows that all percentile confidence intervals and biase-corrected methods do not include zero, indicating that all the effects of mediation are significant. The regression results show that they are all partial mediators. It means that religious extension and well-being, directly and indirectly, reduce people's depression and stress during the pandemic, with and without anxiety as a mediating variable, with a significant level of 99%.
A person suffering from depression is triggered by stress and often there is an anxiety component and vice versa. Anxiety is a typical reaction to stress and an unpleasant emotional response due to its threats or dangers. As an initial response to the severe spread and death of this epidemic, anxiety has negative psychological effects that cause depression and stress. These factors contribute to the development and maintenance of mental health through conventional and spiritual means based on spirituality, which subsequently influence people's beliefs and perceptions.
Based on the results obtained from this study, it was discovered that there is a significant relationship between a high level of spiritual well-being and a low level of anxiety in the face of the pandemic. This finding is consistent with the study by Zhang, Hook, Van Tongeren, Davis, Aten, McElroy-Heltzel, Davis, Shannonhouse, Hodge and Captari25, which found that a person with a higher spirituality tends to have lower levels of depression and stress. However, it's not just about God; some efforts must also be made to comply with government regulations when it comes to dealing with the spread of COVID −19,11,13 The firm belief in God applies on a daily basis and relates to God and to other human beings, leading to spiritual well-being. Spirituality is carried out every day as a religious activity to change the behavior of Indonesian Muslims during the pandemic.
Spirituality encourages private practices, such as charitable giving, caring for the needs of others, and volunteering in your community. Figure 1 Research model proposed by the authors on how spirituality can reduce anxiety caused by stress and depression in Muslim communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that results from physiological, cognitive and social expressions. First, the framework allows for a better understanding of spirituality to reduce anxiety, which is believed to cause depression and stress.
